Now that the majority of people living with HIV take combination antiretroviral therapy (ART), the
spectrum of causes of pyrexia of unknown origin (PUO) has changed compared with the pre-ART era.
In these guidelines, we focus on causes and evaluation of PUO among people living with HIV with
CD4 counts <3...
Cryptococcal disease is one of the most common opportunistic infections among people living with advanced HIV disease and is a major contributor to severe illness, morbidity, and mortality, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa.
These guidelines update the recommendations that were first released in 2018 ...
The leishmaniases are a group of diseases caused by Leishmania spp., which occur in cutaneous, mucocutaneous and visceral forms. They are neglected tropical diseases (NTDs), which disproportionately affect marginalized populations who have limited access to health care. HIV co-infected patients with Leis...
In 2019, 178 new HIV cases were diagnosed in Estonia (13.5 cases per 100,000 people). Among the new cases, the proportion of women was 37%. 53% of the new cases were discovered in Tallinn and 25% in Ida-Virumaa. Between 2010 and 2019, the number of new cases per year has decreased twice, but remains very...
HIV is a chronic viral infection that damages the immune system. HIV can be contracted during sexual intercourse or through direct contact with the blood of an infected person (including sharing syringes). The virus can also be transmitted from mother to child during pregnancy, childbirth or breastfeedin...
The World Health Organization (WHO) convened a technical consultation during 1–2 December 2016 to review new evidence on the risk of HIV acquisition with the use of hormonal contraception. The issue was recognized as a critical one, particularly for sub-Saharan Africa, where women have a high lifetime ...
During 9–12 March 2014, WHO convened a meeting of the Guideline Development Group (GDG) comprising 52 individuals representing a wide range of stakeholders, for the purpose of reviewing, and where appropriate, revising its Medical eligibility criteria for contraceptive use, fourth edition (MEC) guidanc...
Following new findings from recently published epidemiological studies, the World Health
Organization (WHO) convened a technical consultation regarding hormonal contraception
and HIV acquisition, progression and transmission. It was recognized that this issue was
likely to be of particular concern in cou...
